Buying a pre-owned or refurbished console: what to check and what to ask

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With new console prices higher than at launch, the second-hand market has become more attractive. Here's how to do it safely.

The terms, decoded

• Pre-owned (used): previously owned, tested and resold. Condition varies; retailers usually grade it.
• Refurbished: inspected, repaired if needed, cleaned and tested, often by the retailer or a specialist. Usually comes with a warranty.
• Manufacturer refurbished: refurbished by the console maker. Often the closest to new.
• Open box: returned or display item, usually lightly used.

Each retailer uses these terms slightly differently. Read the description of what's included and what was checked.

What to check before buying

1. The return window and warranty. This is the most important protection.
2. What's included. Controller, power cable, HDMI cable, stand. Missing items add cost.
3. Storage capacity and model. Make sure it's the model you want (for example, disc vs digital PS5, or Series X vs Series S).
4. Condition grade. Retailers that sell graded items (e.g. "fair", "good", "pristine") should explain what each grade means.

Day-one testing checklist

As soon as it arrives:

• Power on and update the system software.
• Test every port (USB, HDMI, power) and the disc drive if there is one.
• Test the controller: every button, both sticks (watch for stick drift), triggers, charging.
• Play a demanding game for an hour to check for overheating or loud fans.
• Connect to Wi-Fi and try online play if you'll use it.
• Check the storage is the advertised capacity.

If anything is wrong, use the return window — don't wait.

Buying pre-owned games

Pre-owned games are often the best value in gaming. A few tips:

• Check the disc or cartridge for scratches or damage if buying in person.
• Check for codes: some games came with one-time codes for extras that may already be used. That doesn't affect the main game.
• Check online requirements: for games that rely on online services, check that servers are still running.

Buying from individuals

Private sales can be cheaper but carry more risk: no warranty, possible scams, and the chance the console is still linked to someone's account or reported stolen. If you buy privately, meet in a safe public place, test the console in front of the seller, and pay with a method that offers buyer protection.

Is refurbished as good as new?

A well-refurbished console from a reputable retailer is usually indistinguishable in use. The trade-offs are cosmetic wear on some grades and, sometimes, a shorter warranty than new. For a gift, a refurbished console in a high condition grade is perfectly acceptable — and the money saved can buy a second controller or a game.

Refurbished consoles · Pre-owned games

Facts, prices and policies in this article were checked in November 2026. Prices, bundles and store rules change often — always confirm on the product page before you buy. Spotted something out of date? Tell us.